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Lophophora variety breeding compatability

1. Introduction

2. Comparison Chart

3. Breeding/Cross Notes

4. Hybrid Journal

Introduction

Breeding Lophophora species and varieties is a fun hobby! Here are some of our own results with breeding Lophophora sp. It is important to note that all information on this page is only from our own experminets, there is nothing else to back up the info here. We try different Lophophora crosses, and post them here. Lophophora williamsii and Lophophora diffusa may not cross for us, but thats not to say its impossible, just we have had no succes....for example.

Thoughts

Whenever there is a cross done, with any species, there will always be an area of doubt; especially when you are dealing with species knwon to be able to fertilize themselves, such as Lophophora williamsii. Lophophora williamsii being self-fertile, meaing it can fertilize itself without another plant, means one can never be sure if the plant you took pollen from fertilized the mother plant, or if the mother plant fertilized itself. When it comes to cross species, or even more rarely accomplished crossing genera, it can be hard to tell if the plant fertilized itself or tookt eh other donors pollen. It can be a little easier with self-sterile species, such as Lophophora diffusa, fricii and koehresii, but even then there is an area of doubt.

Ultimately what most of us have to do is grow the seeds out and see how they appear. There should be at least some of the fathers features in the new plants, if not, it is likely the mother fertilized herself. Keep this in mind when trying your own crosses or reading abotu others' crosses, like these here.


Lophophora breeding compatability chart

This table is setup with the 6 most commonly seen "varieties". The row on the very top are plants I used as the MOTHERS. This means I used pollen from other plants to pollinate these plants (they will produce the seeds).

The plants in the LEFT column I used as the FATHERS, meaning I took the pollen from these plants to pollinate the plants on the top row.

There are 4 options:

Yes means the cross worked successfully and produced viable seed. Whether or not the plants are fertile themselves, only time will tell.

No means the cross did not produce any viable seed.

Self-fertile means a single plant can fertilize itself, with its own pollen, and produce viable seed.

Self-sterile means one plant, or clones of the same plant, cannot fertilize itself with its own pollen and produce viable seed. These plants require 2 separate plants (not clones) to produce viable seed. 2 plants from the same mother and father should be able to cross together, as every seed is slightly different as it has genes from both mother AND father.

Mother plants--> \/Father plants\/

decipiens

diffusa

fricii

jourdaniana

koehresii

williamsii

L. decipiens

Yes

Unknown

Unknown

Unknown

Unknown

Unknown

L. diffusa

Unknown

Self-sterile

Yes: 0

No: 2

unknown

Yes: 0

No: 1

Yes: 0

No: 4

L. fricii

Unknown

Yes: 0

No: 2

Self-sterile

Unknown

Yes: 5

No: 0

Unknown

L. jourdaniana

L. koehresii

Unknown

Yes: 0

No: 1

Yes: 0

No: 5

Unknown

Self-sterile

Yes: 0

No: 2

L. williamsii

unknown

Yes: 0

No: 3

Yes: 0

No: 13

Unknown

Yes: 0

No: 29

Self-fertile


Lophophora crosses and hybrids Notes.

First name is *male*, second name is *female* (male x female)

Lophophora diffusa x Lophophora diffusa: Lophopra diffusa is a self-sterile specie. This means if you breed one plant with itself (use its own pollen to pollinate itself), no fruit or seeds will be produced. This is also true for clones. For example, if you take a cutting from one plant and try and breed the cutting back to the parent plant, no fruit or seeds will be produced. You must have 2 plants that are not of the same genes. That said, if you have 2 plants from the same fruit/seed batch (same mother and father) they will be able to breed together because although they are related, their genes are different as they are a mix of 2 parent plants. Inbreeding with plants is not much different than with animals, the resulting babies will be less diversified and often genetically weaker. [Veiw photos Plant | Flower | Fruit]

Lophophora fricii x Lophophora fricii: Lophophora fricii is another self-sterile plant. This type of Lophophora must haev 2 non-identicle plants, meaning genetically different (not clones). Lophophora fricci is a fairly free flowering type and generally flowers when the weather is good. Lophophora fricii generally has higher seed counts than Lophophora williamsii, and is similar to Lophophora diffusa in terms of seed count. [Veiw photos Plant | Flower | Fruit]

Lophophora fricii x Lophophora diffusa: When trying to cross L. fricii to L. diffusa we were unable to get any fruits/seeds. We are still trying this cross, and as the table shows above we have not tried much yet. Observing the flowers' morphology, Lophophora fricii and Lophophora diffusa seem a little more different than Lophophora fricii and Lophophora koehresii. Time will tell if this cross is possible.

Lophophora fricii x Lophophora koehresii: Breeding Lophophora fricii (male) to Lophophora koehresii (female) has proved successful multiple times. When looking at the flowers, macroscopic, they would appear fairly similar to each other in shape (long pointed petals), and vary only in colour. The resulting seeds are viable and germinate at 100% so far. We have grafted a few and tehy are still fairly small. It will be interesting to see if the F1 hybrids are fertile or not, and will cross with what. [Veiw photos Fathers | Mother | Fruit | F1 hybrid]

Lophophora fricii x Lophophora williamsii: This has proven a hard one to deal with. Lophophora williamsii is a self-fertile specie, making it harder to control and stop self-pollination. We are still experimenting with ways of pollinating this specie without it pollinating itself, so thus far we are undecided whether or not it was the Lophophora fricii pollen that fertilized the seeds, or itself. One way to possibly determine which specie was the father (although a very poor way and gives no hard evidence) is seed count. In our experience crossed L. fricii x L. fricii produce 30-50 seeds per fruit on mature plants. Lophophora williamsii tend to stay below 25. Also flower colour, but both Lophophora fricii and Lophophora williamsii have pink flowers, and Lophophora fricii are not always a deeper pink than L. williamsii. Petal shape *may* be another way, but again nothing worth using to identify a specimen. Lastly would be rib shape. Lophophora williamsii tend to have straight ribs, and L. fricii tend to be rather variable; ours mostly being of zig-zag pattern.

Lophophora koehresii x Lophophora diffusa: Nothing has come from this cross in our attempts; however, we have only tried very few times. So far, nothing has happened, but in time we will find out more. Both species are self-sterile in our attempts at self-fertiization, so this should be an easy one to prove.

Lophophora koehresii x Lophophora fricii: Oddly enough this cross has not worked for us. The exact same Lophophora fricii and the exact same Lophophora koehresii were used to make the L. fricii x L. koeressi hybrids, but when crossed back using L. koehresii pollen to a L. fricii mother nothing developed. We are nto sure why this is, but it seems rather odd. Perhaps L. koehresii is more accepting of others, while L. fricii is only into its on kind.

Lophophora koehresii x Lophophora williamsii: Breeding Lophophora koehresii to Lophophora williamsii mothers creates the same problems as breeding anything to Lophophora williamsii. Lophophora williamsii is self-fertile so it is hard to controll who fertilizes it.

Lophophora williamsii x Lophophora diffusa: breeding Lophophora williamsii to Lophophora diffusa seems to not work. Other websites and cacti breeders seem toa gree on this. That said we have only tried a few times and will continue to try to see what comes of it.

Lophophora williamsii x Lophophora fricii: This cross also seems unviable. We have tried a few times with no evidence of fruit/seed development. Lophophora fricii is slef-sterile, which should make this one an easy one to figure out, and so far it looks like Lophophora williamsii and Lophophora fricii won't cross.

Lophophora williamsii x Lophophora koehresii: Lophophora williamsii bred with Lophophora koehresii has also proven unviable. We have attempted to breed these 2 together the most with zero success. Lophophora koehresii being self-fertile, this should be open and shut. Also, given the fact that Lophophora koehresii readily hybridizes with Lophophora fricii pollen and sets fruit relatively fast, we feel this cross is not possible with traditional breeding techniques.

Lophophora williamsii x Lophophora williamsii: Lophophora williamsii is self-fertile, in fact it appears to be the only self fertile variety aside from perhaps Lophophora decipiens and *possibly* Lophophora jourdaniana. When self-fertilized, Lophophora williamsii will often not produce many seeds. Self-fertilized Lophophora williamsii often produce 0-10 seeds per fruit, generally larger and older plants having more. When crossed with another plant, Lophophora williamsii will produce usually 10-25 seeds, 30+ not unheard of. In general, the bigger and older the plant, when crossed, produce the biggest seed yeilds. [Veiw photos Plant | Flower | Fruit]


Lophophora breeding "Journal".

We have just now (2008) started keeping better track and record keeping. Before, we would simply use a tally system, which lacked any detail. Below you will find a log of each important crosses seed batch and follow ups. Like a journal.

These crosses are listed as Male x Female. The pollen donar is placed first, second is the mother plant.


November 10, 2008-Lophophora fricii x Lophophora koehresii (FK-005)- UPDATE

Growing well, by the looks of things, flowers may be present this coming Spring. Everything is about the same except bigger. I have moved some pups to myrtle stocks, and degrafted one for it to grow on its own roots (starting to root now). The seed grown ones are fewer now due to deaths while I was away, but there are still some around, about 3mm now.

[Photos Grafted hybrid | Grafted hybrid ]

September 18, 2008-Lophophora fricii x Lophophora koehresii (FK-005)- UPDATE

These plants, after being grafted to Pereskiopsis, are now from 2-4.5 cm, most being around 3.5cm. Most are offseting a lot, and one had its apical meristem eaten by a caterpillar in July. The seed grown plants are about 4 mm wide.

[Photos Grafted hybrid | Grafted hybrid ]

March, 2008-Lophophora fricii x Lophophora koehresii (FK-005)

34 seeds produced. Sowed all 34 in March, 2008.

April, 2008: 10 seedlings grafted to Pereskiopsis.

July 06, 2008: Grafted plants measure 13-44mm in diameter. Seed grown plants are 1-3mm.

Notes: Father: seed grown, 10 cm. Mother: grafted plant, 12 cm. These 2 plants were crossed with each other on a couple occasions. The pollen from the Lophophora fricii plant was readily accepted by the grafted Lophophora koehresii mother. However, at the same time, the pollen from the Lophophora koehresii was not accepted by the same Lophophora fricii plant.

[Photos Father plant | Fruits on mother | Grafted hybrid ]


Related Pages [Pollinating Cacti | Cacti Flower Anatomy | Lophophora Identification]